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Introductory Networking

An introduction to networking theory and basic networking tools

THM Room : https://tryhackme.com/room/introtonetworking

TASK 1 Introduction

Let’s get started!

No Answer.

TASK 2 The OSI Model: An Overview

Which layer would choose to send data over TCP or UDP?

Answer : 4

Which layer checks received information to make sure that it hasn’t been corrupted?

Answer : 2

In which layer would data be formatted in preparation for transmission?

Answer : 2

Which layer transmits and receives data?

Answer : 1

Which layer encrypts, compresses, or otherwise transforms the initial data to give it a standardised format?

Answer : 6

Which layer tracks communications between the host and receiving computers?

Answer : 5

Which layer accepts communication requests from applications?

Answer : 7

Which layer handles logical addressing?

Answer : 3

When sending data over TCP, what would you call the “bite-sized” pieces of data?

Answer : Segmetns

[Research] Which layer would the FTP protocol communicate with?

Answer : 7

Which transport layer protocol would be best suited to transmit a live video?

Answer : UDP

TASK 3 Encapsulation

How would you refer to data at layer 2 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model)?

Answer : Frames

How would you refer to data at layer 4 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model), if the UDP protocol has been selected?

Answer : Datagrams

What process would a computer perform on a received message?

Answer : De-encapsulation

Which is the only layer of the OSI model to add a trailer during encapsulation?

Answer : Data Link

Does encapsulation provide an extra layer of security (Aye/Nay)?

Answer : Aye

TASK 4 The TCP/IP Model

Which model was introduced first, OSI or TCP/IP?

Answer : TCP/IP

Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Transport layer of the OSI model (Full Name)?

Answer : Transport

Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Session layer of the OSI model (Full Name)?

Answer : Application

Answer : Physical

Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles the functionality of the OSI network layer?

Answer : Internet

What kind of protocol is TCP?

Answer : Connection-based

What is SYN short for?

Answer : Synchronise

What is the second step of the three way handshake?

Answer : SYN/ACK

What is the short name for the “Acknowledgement” segment in the three-way handshake?

Answer : ACK

TASK 5 Networking Tools Ping

What command would you use to ping the bbc.co.uk website?

Answer : ping bbc.co.uk

Ping muirlandoracle.co.uk . What is the IPv4 address?

Answer : 217.160.0.152

What switch lets you change the interval of sent ping requests?

Answer : -i

What switch would allow you to restrict requests to IPv4?

Answer : -4

What switch would give you a more verbose output?

Answer : -v

TASK 6 Networking Tools Traceroute

Use traceroute on tryhackme.com . Can you see the path your request has taken?

No Answer.

What switch would you use to specify an interface when using Traceroute?

Answer : -i

What switch would you use if you wanted to use TCP SYN requests when tracing the route?

Answer : -T

[Lateral Thinking] Which layer of the TCP/IP model will traceroute run on by default (Windows)?

Answer : Internet

TASK 7 Networking Tools WHOIS

Perform a whois search on facebook.com

No Answer.

What is the registrant postal code for facebook.com?

Answer : 94025

When was the facebook.com domain first registered (Format: DD/MM/YYYY)?

Answer : 29/03/1997

Perform a whois search on microsoft.com .(Note: If you fail to read the above instruction and consequently get the wrong answer for the next question, don’t expect a helpful response if you report it as a bug…)

No Answer.

Which city is the registrant based in?

Answer : Redmond

[OSINT] What is the name of the golf course that is near the registrant address for microsoft.com?

Answer : Bellevue Golf Course

What is the registered Tech Email for microsoft.com?

Answer : msnhst@microsoft.com

TASK 8 Networking Tools Dig

What is DNS short for?

Answer : Domain Name System

What is the first type of DNS server your computer would query when you search for a domain?

Answer : Recursive

What type of DNS server contains records specific to domain extensions (i.e. .com, .co.uk, etc)? Use the long version of the name.

Answer : Top-Level Domain

Where is the very first place your computer would look to find the IP address of a domain?

Answer : Local Cache

[Research] Google runs two public DNS servers. One of them can be queried with the IP 8.8.8.8, what is the IP address of the other one?

Answer : 8.8.4.4

If a DNS query has a TTL of 24 hours, what number would the dig query show?

Answer : 86400

TASK 9 Further Reading

Read the final thoughts

No Answer.

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